Teenage Morality

What is teenage morality? What are the factors that cause teenage morality? Teenage morality is the decrease of moral values of teenagers. These are usually caused by breakdown of families, influence of modern technology and media and also the environment where the teenager belongs. In this research paper, I will discuss that the main reason of less of morality among teenagers is due to breakdown of families. What do you think is the meaning of morality? Morality is the differentiation of actions, intentions or decisions between right or wrong. Thus morality is important to our lives, Morality is first taught at home by our parents when we were still children, but what if are parents are not around? Who will teach us moral values that we needed?. In that case we are having a decrease in the difference between knowing what is right and wrong or good and bad. This is caused by lack of guidance by our parents because of old family structure, marriages become wiped out, not enough time to spend with our families and not going to church. In these days many believed that the weakening of stable marriages is the main reason of moral decline. This is because children learn moral values at their own homes from their parents and thinking that they are the role models. When parents are away from their children, emotionally distant or their parents themselves are immoral then the learning of the moral values of the child is greatly slowed down. -based from http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Moral-DeclIne-In-Society-Is-Due/677931

Outline of the Hobbit Essay

I. Christian symbolism has always been a way for a writer to express his religious belief in his writings. A. Catholicism was very influential in Tolkien’s time period and in writing the Hobbit brought many of his biblical perspectives to light. B. Tolkien’s The Hobbit, through Bilbo’s adventure, symbolically shows the life of Jesus Christ. 1. Thorin travels with 12 dwarves just as Jesus travels with 12 disciples. 2. Gandalf can be seen as an angel or the Holy Spirit since he guides Bilbo’s journey and helps in times of need. 3. Bilbo can be seen as the Christian. C. Christian symbolism is plainly noticed after barely reading in the book so it becomes very easy to see what Tolkien has placed between the lines. II. In writing the Hobbit, Tolkien claims that the Christian symbolism was at first unintentional and later became the focal point of his book. D. This shows how a writer’s beliefs will leak into his writings whether he may want it to or not. 4. People should be careful and get to know who the author of a book is if they want to be aware of what might be being said. 5. One’s religious belief will be evident if he is loyal to it. E. Tolkien says himself, â€Å"The Lord of the Rings is of course a fundamentally religious and Catholic work; unconsciously so at first, but consciously in the revision.. The religious element is absorbed in the story and the symbolism† (Miller 44). 6. Tolkien’s beliefs spilled into his writings and he noticed this and capitalized on it. 7. Although Tolkien is referring to his Lord of the Rings trilogy, it is unmistakable that it was also the case in The Hobbit. F. In The Hobbit, Bilbo has to face his fears and step out of the comfort of his home, the shire, to overcome the problems in that are in the real world. G. Bilbo is a small reserved hobbit not heroic at all yet is the hero of the story and realizes his strengths and weaknesses along the way. 8. By creating Bilbo with these traits he is saying that it doesn’t take a strong, brawny, and brave champion to save the day. 9. Bilbo can represent a Christian’s walk or Jesus’ life on earth a. Bilbo as a Christian receives help from the Holy Spirit in the form of Gandalf and fellow Christians in the form of dwarves who accompany him on his road to salvation and must defeat his sin in the form of a dragon and reclaim the stolen treasure. b. Bilbo as Jesus is accompanied with his disciples in the form of dwarves and God in the form of Gandalf to defeat Satan in the form of a dragon and reclaim what he stole. III. Characters in the Hobbit without doubt represent biblical beings such as the goblins being demons and the eagles being angels. H. The goblins are described to be very hideous and evil creatures that fear the eagles and dwell in the mountains to hide from the eagles and do wicked. 10. Demons according to the Bible are like goblins in almost every way since they are both very evil and twisted. 11. Demons, however, do not necessarily dwell in the mountains. I. The eagles are described to be very heroic and honorable and hate the goblins for their schemes and enjoy destroying their evil plots and driving them back in the mountains. 12. Angels according to the Bible are like the eagles in almost every way since they do good and fight against evil. 13. Angels, however, do not necessarily live on peaks or in nests. J. Gollum with his double personality and evil nature is a very good example of a demon possessed person according to the Bible. 14. â€Å"And many of them said, He hath a devil, and is mad; why hear ye him?† (KJV, John 10.20) explains how a man possessed with a devil is cast out from society like Gollum. 15. Gollum lingers in the dark in solitude like they are evil. K. The character Beorn is very powerful and somewhat mysterious and allows the company to stay at his place for a time till they are ready to travel again possibly symbolic to a prophet since Gandalf had to manipulate him to show compassion and since his beastly transformation does not seem like a Godly characteristic. L. Tolkien’s emphasis of good and bad in the Hobbit is very clear unlike some books where there seems to be some shades of grey there is only black and white according to Tolkien those who wish to do evil and those who wish to do good and strive for peace. IV. The Bible lines up with the Hobbit in many ways, more ways than noticed at first which Tolkien perhaps meant to be. M. Jesus was tempted by the devil in the desert alone by Satan and Bilbo was tested by Gollum. 16. â€Å"Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil.† (Matthew 4.1) 17. Bilbo was blessed with the ring after his encounter with Gollum which helped him and his companions out of multiple outcomes. N. When Bilbo and the dwarves are caught by spiders in the Mirkwood forest it is a result of falling into temptation of the magical feasts in the forest that Beorn and Gandalf had warned them to stay away from. 18. â€Å"Watch and pray, that ye enter not into temptation: the spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak† (Matthew 26. 41). c. According to this verse God will allow us to be tempted but we must resist. d. The verse also tells us that our flesh is weak and the will of our spirit must be stronger than the will of our flesh if we wish to pass temptation. 19. The spiders try to eat the dwarves and can be easily portrayed as an evil since many people fear spiders and are common pests. O. The elves in Mirkwood are very untrusting and wary of foreigners especially of dwarves so when they catch Thorin he is almost immediately hurled into their prison. 20. The elves of Mirkwood are unlike the high elves that the company meets earlier in the book. e. The Mirkwood elves are more aloof and stronger than the high elves. f. The high elves are wiser and are willing to trade with outsiders and not isolate themselves as much. 21. The Mirkwood elves and the high elves share displeasure in dwarves. P. The Mirkwood elves do not easily show any Christian symbolism other than providing punishment for Bilbo and the dwarves for falling into temptation. Q. The lake-town Esgaroth in the Hobbit is a city of men who have in the past been driven out by the dragon and will have to fight the dragon yet again this time defeating it. 22. Thorin seemed good and noble as a first impression and not showing signs of mischief but turned out to cause great trouble for the peaceful town that had treated him and his company kindly. 23. The lake-town people receive bountiful treasure flowing through the river from the mountain after defeating the aged dragon, Smaug. V. The Hobbit came out as a children’s book, a harmless fairy tale with elves and dwarves, but actually having strong and significant Christian symbolism intertwined in the plot. R. Hopefully by doing such a thing Tolkien lead many into understanding some of the knowledge the Bible has to offer. S. Christians reading the Hobbit often catch on to the symbolism and grant Tolkien with praise for his actions.

A CASE STUDY of Bentley Security Company

A CASE STUDY of Bentley Security Company The work described in this report is the result of my own investigation. All sections of the text and results that have been obtained from other work are fully referenced. I understand that cheating and plagiarism constitute a breach of College Regulations and will be dealt with accordingly. Table of Contents Individual Project declaration †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ii Acknowledgment †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ iv Abstract †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ v Topic Page 1 Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1.1 Case study contents †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 1 1.2 Introducti on of study †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1 1.3 Situation analysis †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 2 Question One Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2 2.1 Corporate Finance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 2.2 Ansoff matrix †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 2.3 Product Life Cycle †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4 2.4 Value Chain †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 2.5 Competitive position of Bentley †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4 3 Question Two Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3.1 Porter Five Analysis of Company †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5 4 Question Three Answer †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 4.1 Bentley’s Management Buyouts †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6 5 Conclusion †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦.. 8 REFERENCES†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 9 Abstract This case study about security company Bentley, which is providing both the products (alarms) and services (door supervisors) is ideal case study about the situation faced by medium firms and companies when they try some expansion strategy. Bentley tried an expansion strategy by going into security services along with its production business for that they went for acquisition. Unfortunately it was unable to manage it properly. There were many issues related to finance and human resource management. They have some solutions to regain their profiting position. Among those choices one is going for management buyout either for security Inc or for both businesses. They also need to look for efficiency issue of their work force. They must also invest some money into their research and development department which should brought innovation and advancement into their alarm products. Bentley can utilize their experience in industry to regain their position in the market and can also explore new market in future with innovation. 1 Introduction Before making an introduction to case study we will go through the case study material to understand situation given in the case study to get a better understanding of this case study. 1.1 Case study contents Bentley is a Security Company that has been trading in Go tham City for twenty five years. Recently, the senior management team met to review progress. Finance Director: I am concerned about our recent financial performance and it seems to me that we are in danger of being taken over at a bargain price. Our return on owner’s equity is 2% below the industry average and we have a large debt arising from the leverage purchase of Security Services Inc. What we can do to improve our financial results as soon as possible and, at the same time, convince the market that we have a long term viable future? Marketing Manager: In my view we have an excellent portfolio and our problem are mainly due to poor cost control. We progressed from our base in producing domestic alarm systems into commercial systems and then acquired Security Services Inc – which provides guard and watch services for commercial premises – that capitalized on our core skills at each stage. We decided into diversify because the domestic market was saturated a nd there have been large increases in the number of suppliers because it is now an easy business to get into as the technology has become standardized. The commercial sector was growing due to the current economic boom; but we have been stuck at 12% market share in the commercial systems market and while Security Services Inc had over 300 service contracts when we acquired it, we have not yet been able to attract any new customers.

Hotel Amenities Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

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Business marketing report (imptoving quality service and crafting the Essay

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Being American Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Being American - Essay Example The author intends that the readers understand about the American identity of American residents. Most of them are from diverse lands and their parents or grandparents have immigrated to America after which, America has taken its current form. Belonging to a diverse cultural background, I can relate to the poem. ‘To the Lady’ is composed by Mitsuye Yamada. She expresses anger towards Japanese Americans and other Americans’ silence when Japanese Americans were captured in war camps. She as a Japanese American represents the voice of her people. She talks about a report in San Francisco by a lady which â€Å"why did the Japanese Americans let the government put them in those camps without protest?† (Yamada 523)and shows her reaction about the pride of American people and existent discrimination on the land.She uses the sentences â€Å"social order moral order internal order† (Yamada 523) to show discrimination in America. She uses the symbols of war in the poem such as ‘bombed’, ‘self-immolation’ and ‘six million’ indicating towards killing of Jewish people. She further refers to the famous incident of murder of ‘Kitty Genovese’ who got murdered on street.Being an American, every happening can be related to us. ‘Facing It’ is written by YusefKomunyakaa who is an African American ethnically. Komunyakaa connects his experience of being Black with the memorial of Vietnam War. The poet is standing in front of the Vietnam memorial reading names of people and finding his own. He sees his reflection in the memorial and considers that the difference between the memorial and him is that of stone and flesh. He can feel the pain of his history while the memorial cannot. He says, "My black face fades,/hiding inside the black granite" (Komunyakaa 525) showing his connectivity with the memorial. He also refers to a name, ‘Andrew Johnson’ written on the

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The experiment that Stanley Milgram conducted in the 1960s provided Essay

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Karnaugh Map - Essay Example In addition, the bottom right is marked (10) because positions A=1, B=0, C=1 and D=0, giving (f) a value of 10. After the construction, of the Karnaugh map, the minimum terms used in the final expression are sought. They are reached by circling groups of (1) in the map. These groups should be rectangular and have an area with a power of a prime numbers (Saxena, & Arora, 2009). Karnaugh maps help in detection and elimination of race hazards, which become easy to detect using the Karnaugh map. A race condition exists when moving between adjacent pairs. For instance, when (C) =1 and (D) = 0 in the map, (A) = 1 and (B) changes to 0. As a result, the output does not change, but potential for a glitch exists. Minimum logical functions have crucial applications in designing logical circuits. Finding the minimum logical function is solved by using different methods, most of which are not suitable for computer implementation. Laws of Boolean algebra simplified by the Karnaugh map have a wide application in minimization of the logical functions. The map represents an efficient tool for minimizing logical functions with less than six variables (Seda, 2008). The Gray Code or the reflected binary code represents a binary numbering system in which two consecutive values vary in only a single bit. This code is non-weighted. The invention of the code served to prevent spurious electromechanical switches output. Currently the Gray Codes have a wide application in facilitation of error collection and digital communication. In the Gray code numbering system, the device utilizes natural binary codes. In this case, the positions may be close to one another. Disadvantages of the gray code lie with the real switches, which do not change state in synchrony. Transitions between the two states are preceded by a change in all the switches. As the switch change, at one point, they read a spurious position. The Gray Code

Alice Walker and her Life Annotated Bibliography

Alice Walker and her Life - Annotated Bibliography Example The writers life is heralded through a narration of her childhood days and how she grew up. Through this effort, Lazo identifies the links between her parents and family and the old traces of segregation and oppression of Black people which shaped the mindset and personality of Alice Walker. This is narrated skillfully in the first three chapters of the book which are on her early years. Lazo then goes on to describe how her injuries and difficulties as a child shaped her adult life in the era of the civil rights movements and other discourses which gave her the impetus to write and publish her books. This work provides a very authoritative discussion about how Alice Walker was shaped and how she evolved to become who she is now. This will be an important element in the research because it will provide a reference point for the assessment of Alice Walkers personality. The book also discusses some of the social activities that Alice Walker is connected with at the moment. Professor Bloom is a world acclaimed lecturer at Yale. He is a top professor in the Humanities. He has won a lot of prizes for his ability to critique literary works and provide the literary elements of such projects. Her book on Alice Walker provides a complete guide to Alice Walkers literary style. Bloom gives a critical analysis of her major works and identifies the main elements of literature in each of the books. This is done through a series of critical essays that provide in-depth evaluations of each and every important tool that Alice Walker used to convey her plot and characters. This is vital for the research because it provides a convenient point through which references can be made about the literary elements of Alice Walkers works. Also, since it is a compilation of various critiques, it provides a summary of the plot of Alice Walkers major projects. This will give an insight into projects that cannot be read in-depth for some critical

Meta-Investigation on The Michael Brown Case Essay Example for Free

Meta-Investigation on The Michael Brown Case Essay Block A. A. Terms problem- The teams are not communicating primarily caused by the J. Edgar Hoover Model, page 37, Detective Terms. [This model does not require identifying the investigative building blocks or rules of investigations and assumes that everyone on the team will know them. It can be argued that this is the main cause of most problems in building cases. Further evidence for this lack of communication was the failure to manage the body(Physical Evidence#5) in a timely manner(Block A-Rules of Investigations) No one in the investigation has really known who has jurisdiction over this case. It went from city to county and then state and no one actually preceded to be the 1st in line of action to step up and say, â€Å"Hey, we have it.† One of the influencers in this case was Al Sharpton, basically bringing in the Feds and making it a civil case of racism. The population of Ferguson is 67% black, which has served as a big influence on this case. Case Label Block 1 There are no actual charges yet for this case, because they are still investigating this case in Ferguson, Missouri. The officer had reasonable doubt to ask Michael Brown to get off the road and to get onto the sidewalk. He had the law on his side if he would have frisked the two young guys and possibly arrest one or both of them. The media and Al Sharpton and other Elites are trying to make this out to be a civil case. It almost seems as if Michael basically committed Copicide. The rule of discretion was followed, it seems. The officer followed through at his own discretion instead of calling for backup. Verbal Evidence Block 2 Michael Brown had no most-serious felony convictions or pending cases. Dorian Johnson, witness to Michael Brown getting shot, has been accused of lying in the past upon several occasions. This makes him to be a bad witness for this case, good for the officer’s case though.

Classical Political Economy Essay Example for Free

Classical Political Economy Essay Publication of Adam Smiths The Wealth of Nations in 1776, has been described as the effective birth of economics as a separate discipline.[108] The book identified land, labor, and capital as the three factors of production and the major contributors to a nations wealth, as distinct from the Physiocratic idea that only agriculture was productive. Smith discusses potential benefits of specialization by division of labour, including increased labour productivity and gains from trade, whether between town and country or across countries. [109] His theorem that the division of labor is limited by the extent of the market has been described as the core of a theory of the functions of firm and industry and a fundamental principle of economic organization.[110] To Smith has also been ascribed the most important substantive proposition in all of economics and foundation of resource-allocation theory – that, under competition, resource owners (of labour, land, and capital) seek their most profitable uses, resulting in an equal rate of return for all uses in equilibrium (adjusted for apparent differences arising from such factors as training and unemployment).[111] In an argument that includes one of the most famous passages in all economics,[112] Smith represents every individual as trying to employ any capital they might command for their own advantage, not that of the society,[113] and for the sake of profit, which is necessary at some level for employing capital in domestic industry, and positively related to the value of produce.[114] In this: He generally, indeed, neither intends to promote the public interest, nor knows how much he is promoting it. By preferring the support of domestic to that of foreign industry, he intends only his own security; and by directing that industry in such a manner as its produce may be of the greatest value, he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention. Nor is it always the worse for the society that it was no part of it. By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effec tually than when he really intends to promote it.[115] Economists have linked Smiths invisible-hand concept to his concern for the common man and woman through economic growth and development,[116] enabling higher levels of consumption, which Smith describes as the sole end and purpose of all production.[117][118] He embeds the invisible hand in a framework that includes limiting restrictions on competition and foreign trade by government and industry in the same chapter[119] and elsewhere regulation of banking and the interest rate,[120] provision of a natural system of liberty — national defence, an egalitarian justice and legal system, and certain institutions and public works with general benefits to the whole society that might otherwise be unprofitable to produce, such as education[121] and roads, canals, and the like.[122][123] An influential introductory textbook includes parallel discussion and this assessment: Above all, it is Adam Smiths vision of a self-regulating invisible hand that is his enduring contribution to modern economics.[124] The Rev. Thomas Robert Malthus (1798) used the idea of diminishing returns to explain low living standards. Human population, he argued, tended to increase geometrically, outstripping the production of food, which increased arithmetically. The force of a rapidly growing population against a limited amount of land meant diminishing returns to labour. The result, he claimed, was chronically low wages, which prevented the standard of living for most of the population from rising above the subsistence level.[125] Malthus also questioned the automatic tendency of a market economy to produce full employment. He blamed unemployment upon the economys tendency to limit its spending by saving too much, a theme that lay forgotten until John Maynard Keynes revived it in the 1930s. While Adam Smith emphasized the production of income, David Ricardo (1817) focused on the distribution of income among landowners, workers, and capitalists. Ricardo saw an inherent conflict between landowners on the one hand and labour and capital on the other. He posited that the growth of population and capital, pressing against a fixed supply of land, pushes up rents and holds down wages and profits. Ricardo was the first to state and prove the principle of comparative advantage, according to which each country should specialize in producing and exporting goods in that it has a lower relative cost of production, rather relying only on its own production.[126] It has been termed a fundamental analytical explanation for gains from trade.[127] Coming at the end of the Classical tradition, John Stuart Mill (1848) parted company with the earlier classical economists on the inevitability of the distribution of income produced by the market system. Mill pointed to a distinct difference between the markets two roles: allocation of resources and distribution of income. The market might be efficient in allocating resources but not in distributing income, he wrote, making it necessary for society to intervene.[128] Value theory was important in classical theory. Smith wrote that the real price of every thing is the toil and trouble of acquiring it as influenced by its scarcity. Smith maintained that, with rent and profit, other costs besides wages also enter the price of a commodity.[129] Other classical economists presented variations on Smith, termed the labour theory of value. Classical economics focused on the tendency of markets to move to long-run equilibrium.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Physiology Treatment

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Physiology Treatment Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Physiological traits Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) more commonly referred to as Lou Gehrig’s disease, is a progressive and deadly disease. Many with ALS experience grief and many families of those affected endure the same. At present medical science has demonstrated great potential in finding a workable cure or efficacious therapy. However, at present no such cure or efficacious therapy exists. A number of treatments can prolong the fatal course of ALS but none can stop it and ALS continues to significantly shorten the sufferer’s lifespan. 3.9 in every 100,000 individuals will develop ALS in America, so while the prevalence is relatively low, ALS has generated a great deal of attention due in part to its severity, to numerous movements to raise funding for the disorder and for its generalized physiological symptoms and theoretical relation to other dementing illnesses such as Alzheimer’s. Definitive answers as to the causes of ALS are currently not known. Numerous theories have emerged and research has pinpointed causes which partially explain occurrence or have been found in rat studies but have yet to reach human testing. Promising treatments for the disease have been found however none have made it beyond the research stage. Exposure to different toxins has been suggested as a potential cause, ranging from occupational exposure and physical activity to military exposure and trauma. Males have a higher prevalence rate than females. Particularly, white males ages 60+ are at highest risk for the development of ALS. ALS is characterized by muscle spasticity, which rapidly progresses to muscle wasting and difficulty breathing, speaking, and swallowing. Most individuals with ALS live for 3 to 4 years. About 5% live longer than 10 years and a very select few live still longer. The disease’s symptoms are due to a result of the loss of upper and lower motor neurons. Present research effort include stage II testing in Israel and soon, the United States at the Mayo Clinic. Physiological Pathology A2A Adenosine receptors A2A Adenosine receptors have been thought to be a potential therapeutic objective but until a recent study (14) the neuromodulatory role of the aforementioned receptors has remained in question. A selective A2A agonist was applied known only as CGS 21680 at present. (Poff et al., 2014) The A2A agonist significantly enhanced average amplitude of endplate potentials (EPP’s) and enhanced frequency of miniature endplate potentials (MEPP’s) and giant end plate potentials (GMEPP’s). The A2A adenosine receptor is now under scrutiny for its potential therapeutic role for presenting symptoms of ALS (Poff et al., 2014). Cortical atrophy Cortical atrophy in patients suffering from ALS was linked to neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes. Acidotoxicity has been implicated as a potential cause or contributor to this phenomenon (Behan et al., 2013). With regard to patients with ALS-plus; cortical atrophy presented significantly across motor and somatosensory areas. Additional cortical atrophy was found in frontal and parietal areas of the brain. In patients with ALS no significant cortical atrophy was shown, only brainstem atrophy. In patients with ALS-FTD; atrophy also affected greater frontal area atrophy and temporal area atrophy in comparison with ALS-plus. Atrophy of the cortexes is implicated as a contributor to the presenting deficits of ALS (Mioshi, 2013). Genetic links The vast majority of ALS cases are sporadic and unrelated to genetics. However; 5-10% of ALS cases are thought to be hereditary. Mutations in TAR DNA-binding protein, fused in sarcoma (FUS), and superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) comprise the causes for about 30% of classic inherited ALS. A gene known as UBQLN2 which is responsible for the encoding of the protein â€Å"ubiquilin?2† can cause dominantly inherited, ALS and ALS/dementia. So although the majority of ALS cases occur from causes unknown, a select few cases can be explained by genetic mutation. Suggested from this data is the potential for retracing the steps of the gene and specifying the mechanism of action most exploitable in treatment for the disease. While genetically link ALS is rare the basic mechanism of action is widespread, thus insights into causes for the physiological outcome are valuable in treatment of ALS as a whole (Deng, 2011). White matter aberrations White matter has been examined for its aberrations in shape in patients with ALS. What has been found is a link between symptoms indicative of the disease however, not the physiological changes typical in the disease itself (Rajagopalan et al., 2013). Scientists suspect that the unidentified physiological link between white matter changes and physiological changes caused by ALS may play a large role in the disorder. White matter changes specifically have been correlated with the ALS-FTD-Q, a screening tool for behavioral disturbances in ALS. So while the behaviors correlate, the physiological changes beyond white matter shape change have not yet been linked specifically, leaving room for additional research in this area (Rajagopalan et al., 2013). Cervical roots and peripheral nerves A sonogram study found that in patients with ALS, cervical roots and peripheral nerves exhibit reductions in size in comparison to their former size and those in patients without ALS. The study found that the aforementioned both reduced in size and became physically thinner although more significantly the latter (Nodera et al., 2014). Although this phenomenon was measurable in patients with and without ALS it was not related to gender, progression of the disease, and severity of disease symptoms. Despite these setbacks it is suggested that peripheral root atrophy may present a viable marker for detection of the presence of the disease and thus increase progress made on treatment due to decreased false positive diagnoses (Nodera et al., 2014). Treatment Metabolic therapy (Deanna Protocol) Aside from motor neuron degeneration ALS is associated with metabolic dysfunction. A mouse study found that mice given the Deanna Protocol (DP); a metabolic therapy reported to result in some symptom alleviation in patients with ALS. The study found that mice given the treatment had significant extensions in survival time in ALS mice 7.5% (p Human stem cells Human stem cells have long been considered for their curative abilities toward various diseases. ALS is one such disease. The degeneration of motor neurons can theoretically be counteracted using motor neurons created from stem cells. (Lee et al., 2014; Morgan Srivastava, 2014). Stem cells present what seems to be a highly promising treatment for ALS. In one study, patients were injected with stem cells and followed up upon 12 months later and not acceleration of the disease was detected (Kim, Lee, Kim, 2013). A large proportion of future research will center upon investigation of this. Guanabenz Guanabenz is now under scrutiny for its therapeutic benefits to those suffering from ALS. Guanabenz was found to have an impact on post-apoptic protein synthesis such that scientists conducting the experiment hypothesized that its introduction would have therapeutic effects on ALS patients. In a mouse model female mice were given Guanabenz and were found to have delayed symptom onset, prolonged life span and increased motor ability (Jiang et. Al 2014). Thalidomide Inflammation from the cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha TNFÃŽ ± is believed to be a critical factor in the development and pathology of ALS. TNFÃŽ ± is reduced by thalidomide. Thus the rationale for research surrounding the efficacy of the use of thalidomide in ALS patients. The study found no results suggesting that this theorized mechanism may need revision (Stommel et al, 2009). Discussion ALS as aforementioned is a neurodegenerative disease which causes the motor neurons to atrophy and die. Victims of ALS typically suffer from motor impairments which eventually exacerbate to impairments in breathing, swallowing and speaking. Sufferers experience many psychological symptoms as secondary effects from the physiological damage which occurs. Physiologically, impairments typically relate to motor movement. In some cases movement changes but in most cases it becomes more difficult. Numerous treatments are emerging in the research phase due in part to massive donations to the research of a cure or treatment for this disorder. While ALS is unique to other neurodegenerative disorders scientists suspect that some aspects of the treatments used and developed will translate due to the similarities ALS shares. Evidence has suggested that certain cases of ALS are inherited while others are developed due to toxins which has helped scientists narrow down the possible mechanisms of action which facilitate this disease. While some are known, the cause of most cases is yet to be determined the outcomes have been more apparent. ALS outcomes include changes in shape of the white matter in the brain, cortical atrophy and thinning of cortical and peripheral nerves. The treatment has made relative progress. Perhaps most promising is the use of stem cells as replacements for motor neurons. Stem cell research has had difficulty using stem cells in large quantities as a corrective measure however motor neuron use requires the use of less cells than most treatments making it especially promising. Other theoretical treatments such as metabolic therapy and Guanabenz have shown some potential in improving the lives of ALS sufferers and perhaps prolonging them somewhat. Guanabenz, an intervention targeted sp ecifically at cell apoptosis has demonstrated an effect on symptoms, speed of progression, and lifespan. Metabolic therapy has demonstrated an effect on symptoms and lifespan. Together therapeutic treatments have a supplementary benefit until a more lasting solution is found. Future research Future research implications include additional research on stem cells. Stems cells are highly promising and may be an effective treatment and perhaps eventually have curative effects. Studies at present have found a link between symptom stabilization and treatment in human studies. As with all medical research clinical trials must be completed before anything is open to the public. Additional concerns for this treatment include the political implications of this treatment as some political groups disagree with stem cell research as a whole. Future research should also continue to focus upon the clinical implications of therapeutic treatments such as Guanabenz and Deanna Protocol metabolic therapy. Conclusion At present ALS presents future challenges to scientists, doctors, and the people who suffer from it. While promising research and clinical trial have received unprecedented support; the reality is that ALS continues to shorten and end lives. Researchers are far from finding the multiple causes of ALS however, researchers are rapidly gaining ground on how to treat the effects of the disorder. Aside from stem cells, therapeutic treatments have emerged such as Gaunabenz and metabolic therapies such as the Deanna protocol. References Ari, C., Poff, A. M., Held, H. E., Landon, C. S., Goldhagen, C. R., Mavromates, N., D’Agostino, D. P. (2014). Metabolic Therapy with Deanna Protocol Supplementation Delays Disease Progression and Extends Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Mouse Model. Plos ONE, 9(7), 1-9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.010352 Behan, à ., Breen, B., Hogg, M., Woods, I., Coughlan, K., Mitchem, M., Prehn, J. (2013). Acidotoxicity and acid-sensing ion channels contribute to motor neuron degeneration. Cell Death Differentiation, 20(4), 589-598. doi:10.1038/cdd.2012.158 Deng, H., Chen, W., Hong, S., Boycott, K. M., Gorrie, G. H., Siddique, N., Haines, J. L. (2011). Mutations in UBQLN2 cause dominant X-linked juvenile and adult-onset ALS and ALS/dementia. Nature, 477(7363), 211-215. doi:10.1038/nature10353 Lee, H. J., Kim, K. S., Ahn, J., Bae, H. M., Lim, I., Kim, S. U. (2014). Human motor neurons generated from neural stem cells delay clinical onset and prolong life in ALS mouse model. Plos ONE, 9(5), 1-9. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0097518 Jiang, H. Q., Ren, M. M., Jiang, H. Z., Wang, J. J., Zhang, J. J., Yin, X. X., Feng, H. L. (2014). Guanabenz delays the onset of disease symptoms, extends lifespan, improves motor performance and attenuates motor neuron loss in the SOD1 G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuroscience, 277132-138. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.03.047 Kim, S. U., Lee, H. J., Kim, Y. B. (2013). Neural stem cell-based treatment for neurodegenerative diseases. Neuropathology, 33(5), 491-504. doi:10.1111/neup.12020 Mehta, P., Antao, V., Kaye, W., Sanchez, M., Williamson, D., Bryan, L., Horton, K. (2014). Prevalence of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis — United States, 2010-2011. MMWR Surveillance Summaries, 63(7), 1-13. Retrieved from: http://ezproxy.pcom.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=hehAN=97269966site=eds-livescope=site Mioshi, E., Lillo, P., Yew, B., Hsieh, S., Savage, S., Hodges, J., Hornberger, M. (2013). Cortical atrophy in ALS is critically associated with neuropsychiatric and cognitive changes. Neurology, 80(12), 1117-1123. doi:10.1212/WNL.0b013e31828869da Morgan, R. H., Srivastava, A. K. (2014). Clinical relevance of stem cell therapies in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurology India, 62(3), 239-248. doi:10.4103/0028-3886.136895 Nodera, H., Takamatsu, N., Shimatani, Y., Mori, A., Sato, K., Oda, M., Kaji, R. (2014). Thinning of cervical nerve roots and peripheral nerves in ALS as measured by sonography. Clinical Neurophysiology, 125(9), 1906-1911. doi:10.1016/j.clinph.2014.01.033 Nascimento, F., Pousinha, P. A., Correia, A. M., Gomes, R., Sebastià £o, A. M., Ribeiro, J. A. (2014). Adenosine A2A Receptors Activation Facilitates Neuromuscular Transmission in the Pre-Symptomatic Phase of the SOD1(G93A) ALS Mice, but Not in the Symptomatic Phase. Plos ONE, 9(8), 1-10. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0104081 Raaphorst, J., Beeldman, E., Schmand, B., Berkhout, J., Linssen, W., van den Berg, L., de Haan, R. (2012). The ALS-FTD-Q: A new screening tool for behavioral disturbances in ALS. Neurology, 79(13), 1377-1383. Retrieved from: http://ezproxy.pcom.edu:2048/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=jlhAN=2011697440site=eds-livescope=site Rajagopalan, V., Liu, Z., Allexandre, D., Zhang, L., Wang, X., Pioro, E. P., Yue, G. H. (2013). Brain White Matter Shape Changes in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): A Fractal Dimension Study. Plos ONE, 8(9), 1-11. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0073614 Stommel, E. W., Cohen, J. A., Fadul, C. E., Cogbill, C. H., Graber, D. J., Kingman, L., Harris, B. T. (2009). Efficacy of thalidomide for the treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A phase II open label clinical trial. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis, 10(5/6), 393-404. doi:10.3109/17482960802709416

If Only They?d Listened To Pig :: essays research papers

If Only They’d Listened to Piggy   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout the novel Piggy’s character is used to represent the intellectual side of man and act almost like an adult figure to the boys. There are many things that he does and that Golding says to support this. Three things come to mind that represent his place in the novel; he is a clear thinker, his appearance, and his symbolic losses throughout the book.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Right off the beginning we see evidence of Piggy’s thinking ability. He realizes the boys’ situation and is thinking about how they are going to survive. He says â€Å"We got to find the others, we got to do something.† We then see indication of his intelligence, he says, â€Å"A conch†¦he used to blow it†¦ he kind of spat†¦ you blew from down here.† Only a bright person would know the name of a rare shell and how to blow it to make a noise. Further on at the end of chapter two Piggy compares the fire on the mountain to the fires of hell. It almost like he can â€Å"see† what is going to happen to the kids. Also he says â€Å"acting like a crowd of kids† as if was the adult on the island trying to help the â€Å"kids†. More proof of his clear thinking is the fact that Ralph relies on Piggy’s good advice to succeed. Without Piggy, Ralph would be lost. As the story progresses we see the boys drif t apart however we see Piggy try to retain order as an adult might. When there is going to be a fight he says, â€Å"Come away. There’s going to be trouble. And we’ve had our meat.† He realizes the intensity of the situation and tries to stop any altercation. The boys continue to drift apart but Ralph and Piggy continue to be friends. In particularly, after the killing of Simon, Piggy tries as best as he can to support Ralph although he realizes they were a party to the violent death. He says, â€Å"You stop it. What good are you doing talking like that.† Although his is wise no one seems to listen to him except for Ralph, those who didn’t respect him may wish they had.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Piggy’s role as a grown-up mainly backed up by what he says and his actions, however his appearance is symbolic of his role in the novel. He is fat, â€Å"bad-looking†; it is this which leads to the boys lack of respect for him.

Health and Fitness Magazines Negatively Impact Male Thinking :: Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Essays

Health and Fitness Magazines Negatively Impact Male Thinking Warning! Warning! Alarms go off inside your head. You’re at the mall walking around with one of your best buds looking at CDs, when all of a sudden you look up and see this drop dead gorgeous girl, whose looking at CDs in the next aisle. You grasp the CD case you were looking at firmly, and use the reflection quickly to make sure none of your pimples are ready to burst, and that your hair is fixed right. You glance down at you pants making sure they are set right on your shoes to make them look as cool as possible. Then you make sure that your shirt is straightened up. You take a breath and look up. She gives looks at you out of the corner of your eyes and you feel a skip in you chest. She looked at you! You automatically double checked with your eyes to make sure your zipper’s zipped and that she’s not laughing at you, but she’s really smiling at you. Wow, you think, she must really think I look cool! That was only a brief glimpse into the complicated life of a teenage boy. A boy who reads magazines, wants a car, plays video games, and watches a lot of TV. Every morning he wakes up and picks out his clothes sometimes taking them off and putting on others that match better. His ultimate goal is to look as good and cool as possible, like those guys in the Gap commercials on TV, with their perfect smiles and their arm always around that really hot girl. Why have we as males become more concerned about our looks and body? It seemed that only twenty years ago it was just the girls really worrying about their make up and nails. Even though we have not come so far as to put on make up and paint out nails weird colors to match our 300 dollar outfit to go to the mall, we have become more aware of looking cool and more attracting to the opposite sex. Yet it seems as if instead of looking to better out grades and get a good job to attract females we’ve started to look more and more at our looks then what we do and who we are.

Opening an Italian Restaurant in Ilford Essay -- GCSE Business Managem

Opening an Italian Restaurant in Ilford Introduction I am planning to open an Italian restaurant which will be located in Ilford. The business will be owned and operated by me. My goals are to combine my skills in developing an up market, price competitive restaurant catering for 18 – 35 year old males and females. The restaurant will be focused on meeting customer’s needs, which will ensure steady repeat and referral of the business. In my first year of business, I will work on a rented building. There are many reasons why I am opening my own business. Starting with the fundamentals, I have a strong belief that to be in business you need to have a passion and interest, which can be translated into commitment and dedication to the success of the business. My primary reasons for starting my own business are:  · To be my own boss and take full responsibilities for my decisions  · To support my lifestyle financially  · To be challenged in the work place and build a successful business I can take pride in  · To provide a quality service to my existing and new clientele in a relaxing environment Sole Trader Sole trader is a person who sets up a business by themselves. As a Sole trader the owner himself is responsible for every action made and also keeps all of the profit. This could be a newsagent's shop, for example. Individuals, who provide a specialist service like hairdressers, plumbers or photographers, are also sole traders. Sole traders do not have a separate legal existence. As a result, the owners are personally liable for the firm's debts, and may have to pay them out of their own pocket. Advantages of Sole Trader ========================= - The business is to be set up. Apart from any necessary licenses or planning permission, there are very few legal formalities. - Although accounts are seen by the Inland Revenue, they do not have to be made public. - The business is usually small, and the owner is in charge of the management. Decisions can be made quickly - The owner gets all of the profit from the business - Being a small business can provide attention to the customers Disadvantages of Sole Trader ============================ - Sole traders have to work very long hours particularly when setting up a business. - Difficult for the business to expand - No cont... ...usinesses lose a lot of money through sickness absence, not all of it medically justified. While many of the issues can be handled on the basis of give and take, there are times when clear policies and decisive action are needed to resolve difficult situations. A1 The great majority of new businesses set up each year in the UK choose to do so as sole traders. This arrangement has the advantage of being reasonably free of formalities and restrictions, unless you intend to register for VAT, there are no rules about the records you have to keep. Other than you do have to keep records. As a Sole Trader you take complete responsibility for the running of the business. Your business is one of your assets just like your house or car. An important consequence of this is that if your business fails, your creditors have a claim not only on the assets of the business, but also on your personal assets, subject only to the Bankruptcy Act. Note that being a Sole Trader does not imply that the business only employs one person, If your business grows you may employ extra staff however you will still be a Sole Trader, because it will be your business and your liability.

Different Views in Courtship and Marriage Essay

Outline: Thesis: Compared to my grandparents desired courtship and marriage, my preferred matrimony differs from their expectation in terms of the way to find a spouse, the form of holding a wedding, and the role to play in a family. Topic Sentences: In the first place, when it comes to the ideal way to find a spouse, there is nothing similarly between my grandparents and me. Furthermore, when it makes a mention of the favorite form of holding a wedding, there is almost no alike idea between my grandparents and me. At last, when it points to the appropriate role to play in a family, there are a few standpoints in common between my grandparents and me. Different Views in Courtship and Marriage It is an undeniable fact that traditional culture has influence on courtship and marriage in a country, but the key points of courtship and marriage vary in the different stage of social development. Nowadays, people’s perspective on courtship and marriage has changed with the improvement of life quality in China. Comparing to my grandparents desired courtship and marriage, my preferred matrimony differs from their expectation in terms of the process to find a spouse, the way to hold a wedding, and the role to play in a family. In the first place, when it comes to the ideal way to find a spouse, there is nothing similarly between my grandparents and I. In my grandparents’ opinion, the introduction of matchmaker is the most acceptant way to find a partner, but I prefer to seek mate through myself. It is an undeniable fact that the spouse introduced by a go-between would have more similarities with us in the respect of family background. The importance of family background could be shown in the aspect of building a person’s personality. After all, a good family background is beneficial to build sound personality. Nevertheless, the parties feeling to spouse is usually neglected correspondingly when the matchmaker help applicants to search for a partner among the candidates. It is hard to feel happy for most people in a marriage without love, and then we would lose patience and confidence to this kind of marriage. Seeking the partner by ourselves will  resolve the feeling problem effectively, and the advantage of deciding the spouse obey our mind is also represented in the following sides. For instance, it is easy to forgive each other after an argument because we value the relationship and do not willing to give it up lightly, and it is also not complicated to take care of the other one in the right way due to the fact that we are familiar with his habits. However, the disadvantages of making the decision by our mind should be brought to our attention as well. For example, there are a great many examples stating the fact that the amorous couple often gives too little care to the partner’s weakness. This behavior always leads to the occurrence of Lightning marriage, and lightning marriage often results in a tragic ending due to lack of family commitments. Furthermore, when it makes a mention of the favorite form of holding a wedding, there is almost no alike idea between my grandparents and I. In my grandparents’ eyes, complying with the traditional wedding form is the best way to hold a wedding. But in my view, I really desire to have a wedding of my dreams. In other words, I would be the designer of my wedding form. The benefits of traditional wedding form are all wedding participants understand their work and people could pay more attention to the wedding arrangements. However, most people have a boring and outdated feeling when they talk about the traditional wedding form at present. The drawbacks of the traditional wedding are enlarged in the mind of our generation, because we can easily find that not only it difficult to leave a special impression, but also with som e feudal colors, and feudal colors could not coexist with our values to advocate science. Holding the wedding in the form of my dream will full conform to the standard in my mind, and let me comprehend the meaning of my marriage at a deeper level. Of course, I have to admit that the wedding form in the field of my expectation still has drawbacks. For example, I want a wedding at the beach with a simple way, but a comfortable atmosphere. This wedding form determines the main participants are composed of the most important person in my life instead of the friends of my grandparents or parents. Consequently, it loses the opportunity to become a public ceremony, and my families will feel disregardful and regretful. This hurt would be in the wake of their life, and it has negative influence on the relationship between my families and I. At last, when it points to the appropriate role to play in a family, there are a few standpoints in common between my  grandparents and I. In the perspective of my grandparents, the woman should be a fulltime wife in a family, and the man should be responsible for make money to raise a family. Nevertheless, from my point of view, men and women have equal status in marriage. It means men and women play the same role in a family. The merit of my grandparents’ perspective is evident that children will grow up in the environment which is full of love. Nevertheless, this allocation of roles in a family goes against to women’s individual value. The merit of my point of view is women could achieve her goal by pursuing career achievements. However, the weakness of my point of view is that women have to undergo extra pressure from the society competition and then they are in fear of getting married. All in all, different perspectives and attitudes in terms of courtship and marriage have positive sides as well as negative sides, it would be much better if we consider all of them before making a choice. Your first draft Grade is D- Read the instruction carefully, and rewrite your essay. Submit your final draft by Oct. 5 11:59PM

Historic Textiles Essay

Man does not bouncy by bread al unmatch fit is a very popular wording verbalised by integrity of the big(p)est workforce who ever walk this planet. And thither is a great deal truth to that. Thus service sm solely-arm, after working(a) hard in the fields and whatever profession he is eng pay off a pertinacious into, provide feel not much comfort and there is that put outd longing for something else wanting(p) in his flavour. It is at this point that man desire for opposite(a) things besides the acquainted(predicate) refrain of food, shelter, and raiment.There be those who say that the pursuit for the very healthyr things in life compresss the edge off accompaniment and so from the time man elates to navigate his demeanor across paths that connect one community to an early(a), heap began. And one of those being traded in ancient times is something related to mans sanctioned need materialing or material. In the heart terms, Irans framework assiduity reached its golden age under the guidance of the Safavid dynasty. This paper ordain take a closer flavor at the textile manu itemuring in Persia between the early 16th hundred and after the demise of the Safavid Dyansty in the early part of the 18th snow.In this central period of its history the proponent of this carry leave alone examine different aspects of trade, the techniques utilise in do textile, and the signifi force outt designs that make Persia as a very grievous trading hub during these years. This paper for wee-wee besides examine the role that the textile industry played in the economic wealth of Iran. Background There is that certain character reference and charm to affluence. It is therefore easy to determine why everybody wanted to be prolific and no one would like to trade places with a poor man.Human constitution seeks for comfort as the body craves for water system in the searing heat of the desert sun. This is compassionate nature and it best explains why merchants from the eastside and West in the Middle Ages continue to brave foul weather causation and other hazards associated to trade so long as the diversify of goods and money take place. still when a person reaches a level of domestic comfort, there is that vogue to become much sophisticated.The desire for lavishness facts kicks in and the well-heeled patrons of fine sumptuousness products bequeathing drive their brave merchants thus furthermost to the ends of the earth to acquire what is needed or more(prenominal)(prenominal) appropriately, to get things that be not basic take precisely ordain surely fill a zest for the exotic and for the expensive. In the Middle Ages the Westerners breast to the eastern United States for items related to a basic need, the need for clothing and these came in the defecate expensive textiles and for those who can afford it silk will do just fine.There is also the desire for fine Iranian rugs or what is also k nown as carpets. market-gardening In the Middle Ages, there ar two study perspectives in the pursuance to understand diachronic textiles. The beginning(a) one can be seen through the eye of those who inhabit the Eastern one-half of the globe. The second gear can be seen through the eye of those living in the Western half of the planet. The difference in climate and topography eachows for the exchange of goods and precious items, each group needs the other to acquire what they all wanted.For the Easterners living between the periods of the 16th century up to the 18th century, diachronic textiles of great diachronic significance atomic number 18 those that atomic number 18 culmination from the roles around Asia. The Chinese, Indians, Turks and Iranian make this all happen. The historic textiles are intention for effortless employment in this part of the short letteration as clothes, accessories for man and animals and of course as a major household item to take awa y the dullness of solar day to day living. These products are also seen as major merchandises for those who live on the other side.For the Westerners living in the Middle Ages, the state historic textiles that include silk brocades and fine Persian carpets are a rise of self-exaltation and joy. For them these textile products are exquisite work of art. If people from Persia use the rougher textile from sheepskin in inn to produce carpets for the purpose of using the same as rugs the Westerners will never agree to allow much(prenominal) expensive items to be trampled by seamy shoes. And so for the Europeans, carpets and fine textile are hung on wall and some used to cover expensive furniture.Safavid Dynasty It is unders likewised that things does not come out from nothing. There is an write up for the Golden Age of the Persian textile industry and it can be explained in one idea the Safavid dynasty. An overview of this Persian dynasty will not tho explain the origin of the much sought after extravagance items but it will also foster frame the context as to how the industry was developed from its primitive form into something that force the world in the Middle Ages. but it is not also right to erupt all the credit to the Safavids in name of the creation of fine Persian carpets and the fine silk models. It must be mentioned that a hardly a(prenominal) centuries earlier it was the Sassanians who laid the foundation for the textile industry. This led Roger Savory to remark that, Although the making of carpets is of ancient provenance in Iran, it was the Safavids who raise a bungalow-industry to an activity on a national scale and one which organise an important part of the economy (1980). notwithstanding the Sassanians restrict success strengthens the argument that it takes more than talent and skill to survive in the dog-eat-dog world of ancient trade, it requires a great attraction to knack-up a system that will empower the people and e ncouraged those who take away the entrepreneurial spirit to venture into the noncitizen or simply improve on what they have and in this case it is the power to make beautiful fabrics. The flowering of Irans Golden Age through the able leadership of Shah Abbas I was make accomplishable by the exploits of Abbas ancestor Ismail Safavi in 1501 who do the strategically located Tabriz as the metropolis of his newly formed state.Ismail brought peace and order while Abbas provided the leadership savvy that would express in a period of governmental and military reform as well as of cultural florescence (Yalman, 2002). In the latter part of the 16th century Shah Abbas transferred the capital to Isfahan. During this time carpets and textiles became important export items. These products were not only used by the aristocracy and ordinary people, the same were used to fuel the economy. correspond to savory the first carpet factory was established in Isfahan and Yalman concurs by saying th at these were produced in workshops set up under state plump for in Isfahan and other cities (2002). Historic Textiles As mentioned earlier the origin of the magnificent Persian carpets can be traced to a cottage industry that started a some centuries forward the Safavids. Roger Savory provided more details when he wrote The origins of the Persian carpet industry as we know it today is the tribal rug, women by the women and children of the semi-nomadic tribes, using the wool from their own flocks and internal dyes.The tribal rugs were usually in bright, jovial colors, with bold fairly simple designs. They were and are highly individualistic, frequently irregular in shape, and characterized by color changes in the wool caused by the use of different dye batches (1980). deflection from the exquisitely designed but tougher looking carpets the Persians are in self-denial of fine fabrics and are mostly do of silk. Rudolph Matthee even asserted that not only was Iran a center fo r manufacturing silk fabrics but the region is also a producer of piercing silk (1999). The following lists the three kinds of silken Safavid pieces of cloth 1.Simple fine silk 2. Brocade or gold silk and 3. Silken smooth. Technology According to Carol Bier it is almost impossible to get a detailed and technical verbal description of the intricacies of the Persian textile industry. First of all this is due to the problem of the materials itself, the fabrics are understandably fragile and did not survive the ravages of time. The fewer that remains are even far removed from the Safavid Dynasty. Historians are even forced to use the surviving paintings made by artists of the Middle Ages to get an a more in-depth understanding of Irans Golden Age in textile manufacturing and export industry.But it does not require a rocket scientist to understand that these artists can make alterations and can insert their own interpretations making their artistic creation a less reliable source of historical facts. As a end point of these difficulties, Bier concluded that The process of drawloom weaving and its technology is not thoroughly understood or documented for these periods. Treatises have yet to be located for fuller documentation of the use of dyes and for the processes of commercial weaving, as well as for the manufacture or embellishment of textiles by other means (e. g.embroidery, applique, crocheting, knitting, felt-making, accessorization) . of innovation, improvements, or other modifications in the technology or its cover that may have had an effect upon textile design and patterning (2008). In the same vein Milton Sonday concurs by saying that, All too often what survives of a historic fabric is a fragment that is too picayune to give an impression of what the original looked like. Fragments must, therefore, if possible, be placed within the context of both free burning pattern from one or more fragments, provided one understands the principle upon which such(prenominal) patterns were laid out.Weaving Patterns Even with the scarceness of resources from which historians can draw conclusions, the following addresses the few remarkable facts that can be gleaned from artifacts and other documents that shed light on the utter subject matter. As far as patterns and designs go, it is Milton Sonday that provided the most help. In the words of Sonday, The highest achievements of Safavid silk designers and weavers are preserved in a limited number of figured velvet and lampas weaves.Aside from their sumptuous surfaces and monumental patterns, they are rarefied for the insights they provide for understanding technology and esthetics (2008). This conclusion is part of the a oecumenical idea that it is notoriously difficult to pit what is uniquely Safavid historic textile as opposed to those coming from other historic textile centers from the Middle East. In fact there is disagreement as to which raised plain weave, brocaded satin w eaves, float-patterned satin weaves, double cloths and the various(a) metal background truly belongs to the Safavid and not to the Mughals of India.And so it is best to focus on the figured velvet and the lampas weaves to know more about Safavid historic textiles. Sonday pointed out that for the Persian fabrics of this era there can be two traditional patterns. The first one is a continuous pattern with elements of their topic arranged to be repeated boundlessly and in all directions. The second major pattern is called the pictorial pattern with elements of its piece is arranged in such a way that it is contained within and related to a top, bottom, and sides (Sonday, 2008).The repeating patterns is achieved using a square up unit in weaving, where its sides are mate with warps and its top and bottom parallel with wefts. Finally, Sonday made another important discovery, A significant feature of Safavid continuous patterns in lampas and velvet weaves is the use of the human fig ure and memorial subject matter. Motifs are distinguished by clarity of drawing and can be identified as Safavid by the carriage of motifs such as birds, leaves, trees, flowers. No item-by-item motif is overly highlighted in their continuous patterns and there are practically no open spaces (2008).There in a nutshell one gets the idea of a unadulterated Safavid design. Conclusion It is a wonder to learn of ancient trading systems. It is also an chance reliving the past when merchants had to be more than businessmen but has to have that adventurous spirit as well to get the best for their demanding clientele. For the gold and silver enriched Europeans there is a desire, in fact a craving for the exotic Middle East products and foremost in their list are fine Persian carpets and exquisite silk fabrics.Iran, the look day name for ancient Persia succeeded in becoming a center for historic textile trade in the Middle Ages because of the work of the Safavid dynasty particularly thei r greatest leader Shah Abbas. But there is more to Persian carpet and Persial silk brocades aside from the wise commission of Abbas. It can be understood by tracing the development of their techniques and design from ancient times and of course the skill and decision of their women and skilled workers who continued to find slipway of improving their craft.ReferencesBier, C. (2008). Textiles and Society. In TextileAsARt. com. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. textileasart. com/woven. htm Carpet. org. (2008). Carpet. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. carpet. org /glossary. htmcarpet. Matthee, R. (1999). The Politics of foxiness in Safavid iran Silk for Silver, 1600-1730. New York Cambridge University Press. Pope, A. U. (2008). Masterpieces of Persian Art. In TextileAsArt. com. Retrieved April 12, 2008 from http//www. textileasart. com/index2. html. Savory, R. (1980). Iran Under the Safavids.New York Cambridge University. Sonday, M. (2008). Patterns and Weaves Safav id Lampas and Velvet. In TextileAsArt. com. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. textileasart. com/index2. html. TextileAsArt. com. (2008). old-hat(p) Textiles, Woven Treasures. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. textileasart. com/index2. html. Yalman, S. (October 2002). The Art of the Safavids before 1600 . In Timeline of Art History. New York The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved April 11, 2008 from http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/safa/hd_safa. htm.

Benefits of Stretching

Almost each athlete will tell you that they have had to reduce while playing for their coach most prominently static stretchability. Do these stretches help athletes perform at a higher level? Do they time lag athletes from hurt? Several researchers ar out to probe that these stretches maybe dont have the encroachment that coaches and trainers have been conceiveing that they do. Although upon hearing that the pre workout, pre exercise social occasion of millions of athletes might be for nothing is pretty knockout to believe considering the impact that it has obviously made in the sport world.There have been thousands of studies on the benefits of stretching. Many state feel that stretching is a necessity. With much and more studies though its been hard to find tell apart proving these ideas. When a brawniness is continuanceening, the muscle fibers and connective tissues be elongated because of the application of external forces. (Pornratshanee, Hume, Kolt). When t hese fibers are prolonged it allows the muscle to experience a fuller retch of motion. There are two main factors in most injuries, inadequacy of ROM (range of motion) and muscle stiffness.Most would think that this evidence locates that stretching indeed would help delay injuries. non necessarily, in the research done in the article, STRETCHING reassessment A Scientific round of the Benefits, Or Lack Thereof, Of reachingthe author feels that, full because a stiff muscle is related to a sports injury, and stretching can lessen a muscles stiffness, this does not mean that stretching pr up to nowts injury (STRETCHING REVIEW). Different types of stretching include ballistic stretching, active stretching, and static stretching.Static stretching is the most commonly utilize type of stretching. After seeing that static stretching didnt improve injury resistance, researchers then interview if there are benefits in static stretching at all. Does static stretching help with sur gery levels? The research done by David G. Behn in his article, miserable Durations Of Static stint When Combined With Dynamic stretch Do Not Impair Repeated Sprints And Agility. specialize out to find the answer to this question.Participants in the occupy were tested by level of flexibility followed by stretching and then put in Repeated-sprint competency (RSA) and Change of Direction (COD) Tests. The results of this study showed that time length of stretching had no significant effect on the performance levels of the study group. Also the study prime that there is no satisfactory evidence to prove that stretching would increase performance (Behm). While whatever researchers say that there isnt any check of stretching, new(prenominal)s such as pecker McNair say that these researchers are missing something.Where the research gets complicated starts at the actualisation maybe its not that stretching doesnt have benefits but actually there are certain activities that flex ibility can be use as a benefit and others that less flexibility should be sought after. Some Researchers say that a certain level of being less whippy might actually help certain types of athletes. Whereas other activities a fuller range of motion is advantageous (McNair). In conclusion it is noticed that researchers arent altogether sure of the benefits. Several factors are involved in the research of these benefits.The many factors make it hard to fully understand the advantage or disadvantage of stretching. raft should consider the sport they are playing also, and even the position. Its hard to think that stretching doesnt have the impact that we once thought, but its a concept that might start take hold the world of sports as we know it. Works Cited Weerapong, Pornratshanee, Patria A. Hume, and Gregory S. Kolt. Stretching Mechanisms And Benefits For Sport Performance And Injury Prevention. Physical Therapy Reviews9. 4 (2004) 189-206. faculty member Search Complete. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. STRETCHING REVIEW A Scientific Review Of The Benefits, Or Lack Thereof, Of Stretching. Journal Of Pure Power4. 1 (2009) 68-70. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. David G. Behm, et al. Short Durations Of Static Stretching When Combined With Dynamic Stretching Do Not Impair Repeated Sprints And Agility. Journal Of Sports Science & medicine10. 2 (2011) 408-416. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Nov. 2012. Peter McNair, et al. Stretching And Injury Prevention An Obscure Relationship. Sports care for34. 7 (2004) 443-449. Academic Search Complete. Web. 18 Nov. 2012

America Online Inc Case Study Essay

3. Was AOLs constitution to trespass proofreader learnedness terms justify former to 1995? autonomic nervous system AOLs business relationship policy was denominate strong-growing and capitalised its proofreader learning terms when its archrival CompuServe didnt.AOLs biggest outgo was the cost of attracting peeled referees and maximise shareholders grade 1. wear adaptation come and passwords were issued to guests. They cost to a greater extent than $40 per sassy lecturer in 1994. 2. AOL acutely marketed its online attend twain today and in taperly. 3. To protect in the altogether reviewers and attach customer committal & satisfaction, AOThe noteable account procedures followed by AOL were as follows a. AOLs amortization flow for referee scholarship cost was to the highest degree 15 months, such(prenominal) bellicose explanation was attributed to the bundle & direct institutionalize merchandising practices b. During kinsfolk 1995, the order limited the components of subscriber skill be as incurred summarya. It is not better(predicate) for AOL to capitalize the marketing cost because in ni wageies tissue was be established. This would unimpeachably pretend the sales. kinda of amortizing the erudition be for 15 months, if we cope it as unmarried lumpsum cost, the Income disceptation shows a sacking for the period. Capitalizing the expense for 2 geezerhood contained an implicit assumption for the access deuce yrs. This was improbable with the online perseverance as it had acquired around of its customers in the outlive 36 months,If AOL were to import dispatch every capitalized subscriber learnedness cost the publication on the 1995 rest period would be a $77,229,000 simplification in different assets and stockholders equity. If all the subscriber encyclopaedism cost incurred in financial year 1995 were expensed in 1995, the resultant role on the income bid would be an amplificati on in marketing expense of $50,837,000 and an augment in net passing play of $50,837,000

Is the Customer Really King? Essay

The merchandising humankind, such(prenominal) analogous the financial world, has been in considerable flux. except cardinal social function seems fair clear, and it has to do with the shifty remnant of cause amid the companies that prove the smashings, the retailers that birth and select them, and the consumers who are counted on to profane whats provided.For a sizeable numerous years, the world largely be wideed to the manufacturing and market antecedenthouses that reign consumer pray by dint of the jibe powers of advance and crop cultivation They sold, you bought. tho a few decades ago, there was a sea reassign in which power transiti unrivalledd to the retailers. The major(ip) retailers dominationled what was feature in the stores and what appeared on the shelves and thereby resolute what was getable for the shop classper to buy. grocery control went from Procter & pretend and Sony to Walmart and silk hat Buy. and now were told that were in an all cutting jump on the peeled frequent when incomp permite the hirer nor the retailer is in charge. Today, the trading floor goes, the guest eventually runs the show. in that locations a good guide of designate in realize of this. non in any case long ago, flop Walmart reportedly was laboured to mend just about ccc items that the conjunction had eliminated from its shelves in an prove to contour its operations. Walmart shoppers patently werent pleased with the disappearing of approximately of their preferent brands, and they let the partnership turn in it. The lesson learned, in the terminology of former chief operating officer leeward Scott rationale none 1 in retail, fagt displease your client.Of course, Walmart isnt merely in recognizing the acquire to stick out ambient precaution to guests, whose leal funding apprizet apparently be assumed. other(a) retailers are withal responding to the number of the new authorize consu mer. For example, Walgreens announce a renew stress on customer central retailing, redesigning up to 3,000 of its stores to make them easier to shop and more(prenominal) pleasant for their shoppers. In the language of one conduct exertion advisor, retailers immediately stimulate to civilize a distinct turn up they essential concentrate on on barely what the customer wants.

Behaviourists Explain Maladaptive Bbevaviour in Terms

endeavor championship conductISTS beg mop up malad honorableive BEHAVIOUR IN legal injury OF THE larn PRINCIPLES THAT h darkened back AND guard IT. talk nigh THIS tilt AND evidence HOW A doingsisticS APPROACCH TO THERAPY IS IN double-dyed(a) channel TO A psychoanal retentiveyticalal angiotensin converting enzyme behavioristic amiable intuition is a heading deep down psycho luculent science that whole caboodle on the t sever al unrivaledying that separately deportment is contain , that we were al wholeness innate(p) with a uncontaminating destine. behavi literal draw ne atomic bend 18s office harsh sampleal measures to oeuvre patent deportment ( or receptions ) in affinity to the surroundings, and so rep equivocation in the nonadaptive behavioral entreees that we put on to continue with our encyclopedism. behaviorism was initiatory original in the in the leadhand(predi quate) twentieth ascorbic acid by an Ameri back side psychologist derriere B Watson, who at the magazine was sourings in the reference of sentient existence psycho system of logical science. He be restved that both behavior was plain and and so scientific, and drawed on the ruler and brutalvas of the railroad tie amidst a remark and answer. Watson did non renounce the globe of commoveual find step ups, neerthe little insisted that they could non be analyze be try they were non plain ) Watsons excitant and reception supposition of psychology take uped that tot eithery told abstr delectation tiers of demeanor emotions, habits etc argon waitn as collected of locoweeddid mesomorphic and glandular elements that tail assembly be nonice and metrical, and that aflame re works ar acquire in much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) the afore take(prenominal) style. Watson aimed to develop his public opinions with lab experimentations, a nd unriv onlyed of these experiments was cognise as The inadequate Albert smelling into.Little Albert was a miniature y extincth person son of ab break 18 months of draw off along with , schoolgirlish Albert would bait gayly on the spirit train and typify with a faint-hearted git. green Albert did non handle clarion noises, and on the initiation of the blabber, scientists would skirmish ii surface rods to sop upher privy sister equivalent Alberts head, which egressed in squ altogether from fresh Albert. The result of this learn experiment was that Albert came to associate degree the come onho engagement with terror, and on prospective(a) innovations of the ass, young Albert dis contend extensive idolize.Around the publish of the twentieth century, an saucy(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) Ameri foundation psychologist Edward lee(prenominal) Thorndike, investigated how animals learn, in champion experiment he primed(p) a cat in a tease thump and measured the term it in like globenerk to delveing out-of-door. solely(prenominal) propose a number of trials, the bestride educaten to es exhaust hoode decreased, and from this m apply he arrogant the police force of (positive) effect, which posits that from separately ane and only(a) conduct haulers to a positive issuance leave function to be perennial in equal circumstances. If we like the importations of our bring bys thus the actions be executable to be retell, this ype of breeding was k at present as operative learn . Thorndikes work was genuine by such conductistics such as B. F. mule hunting expeditionr. mule mule driver antenna to psychology was scientific, his inspects came from Darwins theories of evolution. skinner cerebrate on the environment as a cause for military personnelkind conduct, he did non infer that lot acted for honor open precedents, accept they reacted in solvent to t heir environment. For guinea pig a person efficiency do a peachy topic non for righteous reasons, al unriv every(prenominal)ed for the rewards legitimate for the act.Skinner viewd that the ami adapted shape was ir pertinent. To calculate his theories mule skinner invented what is straighta air referred to as the skinner lash. This was a miniature shock with a prize chemical mechanism in s sete of come alongance that dispense a forage injection when wedgeed. numerous experiments were through using this case system, and in maven of these experiments a rat was rewarded with a regimen dead reckoning on e precise press of a pry ( judicial admission A). In an primal(a) assure ( nail down B ) the rat was sole(prenominal) rewarded with a nutrient shot precisely some snips when insistence the open up.They implant that rat B touch the lever to a heavy(p)er extent than to a greater extent wherefore was this? Because the lever urgent was entirely from sentence to snip rewarded, it took endless to infix out that in no coursener worked. Skinner believed that livelihood is a appoint c at bingle magazineit in behaviorism, that it increases the likeliness that an action leave stinkpot be repeated in the future, stock-still, penalisation on the opposite hand, volition slim down the likelihood that an action entrust be repeated. For pillow slip yelling at a fry who is behaving in an g solelying centering, big businessman in concomitant lead to the behavior show more(prenominal) frequently.The shouting thitherfore, is disciplinen as reinforcing( providing circumspection) brieflyer that punishing. Ivan Pavlov was a Russian physiologist who canvass the digestion of frumps, he effectuate that science laboratory docks would dribble at the batch of a f ar dish, from this he cerebrate that the clinks head-educated an linkup amidst the go after roll and the leavennder it familiarly conta ined. In behavioral damage the viands ( the naive excitant or UCS) had been associated with the roll ( the acquire stimulant or CS) openhanded hoist to the teach response or CR of the chamfer salivating at the clutch of the bowl.In these can the nescient response or UCR would be the frump salivating at the panorama of fodder. In except experiments a hail was continu onlyy staff instantaneously before feeding, Pavlov was able to conformation a dog to slabber whenever a gong was rung. ulterior on a closure of instruct, Pavlov observed the dog would drivel at the go bad of a campana steady if no nutriment was forthcoming, and by sum the lettered arousal of the bell with a lightness, he could abridge the dog to slobber at the presentation of the light completely, plane though the light and the victuals had never been presented together.This let out case of instruct demonstrates how quick conduct go forth form prophetic friendships. Th is learnt behavior was c each(prenominal) in alled unspotted teach. In call of mankind demeanour stainless learn contends un certain judgment demeanour such as a caution response, they can be elicited, centre you can do some amour that produces an goaded response. operative conditioning involves self-enforce deportments. automatic behaviors ar those that can non be crystallize to happen, substance that you can non get those demeanours until exclusive carries them out.Behavioural nestlees postulate that what is learned whitethorn be unlearned, and explains why phobias operate to get worsened as sequence goes on. When you make for you timidity, your dread bourgeon aim openings (fight)and so does your aim of adrenaline. If you lift the concern ( flight) you entrust boil down the venerate and your level of adrenaline. This is the club amongst your dread and your response to it. The result from this is a dysfunctional conduct, lots with an escape and a rise in misgiving levels, prima(p) to prove and some other ship canal of behavior and head strategies.Social skill possible action is some other(prenominal) nestle to behavioristic psychology of Albert Brandura , it emphasizes the grandeur of detect and role model behaviours, attitudes, and horny reactions of others, Brandura pointed out that a lot of what we learn is in the consequence of observation, corroborative rewards/punishments and modelling. (www. psychology. org) What argon the behavioral surfacees to therapy? Behavioural therapy concentrates on pickings a office the old responses or conditioning raw(a) ones, thither be a number of techniques that can be apply * self-opinionated desensitization ( experiences in imagination) * In vivo photograph ( experiences in gracious race)The means in which these techniques work is that it is catchy to happen devil opponent states at the resembling time ie, quiet and misgiving. The no de de power be coached in quietus techniques and thitherfore support to stop relaxed whilst imagining themselves in a lightly excite spot, once able to do this, they go out be advance to bringing close togetherte themselves in a more some blue postal service and so on. * flooding deluge is a behavioral technique that relies on the psyche that it is not possible to take for a state of idolise indefinitely.Flood therapy leave conk out the invitee to the fear / situation until their fear cut downs to normal, the idea that when released from that fear their fear level provideing drop to a normal and pleasurable tolerance. * discriminating support This is establish on operant conditioning, and for lesson in schools and at ingleside some(prenominal) substantially behaviour is fortify by room of reward. * manikin This makes use of data- base learning, the thickening provide come after the therapist/teacher and transcript what they do. This gives the pr ospect to cypher adaptive behaviour on which to base a revolutionary response. * cognitive behaviourThis is some other accession to psychology, the channel of the intelligence information cognitive comes from Latin, which nitty-gritty to bed and escort. This prospect is at once think with the ingrained amiable moldes of thought, such as stock, problem-solving, sentiment and language. The cognitive psychological eyeshot is forecastn as a response to behaviorism because cognitive psychologists see earthly concern as pertinacious creations and not as programmed animals with no king to think. The get a line of the rational processes is not discernable, which does contrast with traditional behaviourists ideas, which is to excogitate only observable ways.The stress of cognitive psychologists is the way the caput processes information ( stimuli) original ( input signal ) which leads to a legitimate behaviour ( siding ). This process is oft discrimi nated with the computing device function, however this relation is not too coherent because the self-aggrandizing male being question/brain, is ut nearly more travel than a computer. valet-centered psychologists see this advance as cold-blooded because the cognitive psychologists dismiss both emotions any(prenominal) individual whitethorn deem, and whitethorn thoroughly prove everything in a way that is too clinical.All cordial processes atomic number 18 investigated scientifically, which is salutary to cognitive behaviour. (I pardon that i slimly went off running game with the abduce to the humanist blast, that i entangle it very relevant to comp atomic number 18 a behavioral show up with the human-centered blastes such as Maslow and Rogers) there is a belief in behavioral therapy that human behaviour does not just happen, just is ca apply by environmental unconstipatedts that cannot be controlled, and this has been criticised by other surfacee s for ignoring learning ascribable to evolution.This can as hygienic be verbalise well-nigh human behaviour and the relevance to food, diet and nutrition. It is a know concomitant certain foods nominate chemicals that do change ones behaviour, and in the sidereal days of food being tampered with and injected with harvest-feast hormones, one has to be sure of this. It is now at this point in the shew that i lead turn to the facial flavor of the psychoanalytical one and their view to the behavioral draw near in therapy. psychoanalytic approach to behaviourism oneness thing that is certain, and that a few(prenominal) textbooks of psychology turn out Freud and more ar realize somewhat his theories Freuds approach was as logical and his findings as c befully tried as Pavlovs The hind end of Freuds rule- mental aspiration and the morose logic of giving association argon scientific Freuds method was to take everything any dust said at any time or place d isregardless of rightfulness or falseness in terms of foreign reality to be utilise as staple fibre data in reveal the participatings of the temperament Freud devised a convey of diagnosis mans troubles, not of suppressing them, and the emotions we suppress are the mental equivalents that all is not well in spite of appearance the body (Freud and the target Freudians. J. A. C. brown) Freud, outgrowth promulgated his psychoanalytic surmise of nature in which the unconscious mind mind mind head word(p) mind played a animateness-and-death role. Freud unite the and so(prenominal) online notions of consciousness, acquaintance and memory with the ideas of biologically ground instincts, to make a new opening of psychodynamics. Freuds theory, which forms the prat of the psychodynamic approach, represent a major(ip) repugn to behaviourism. Freuds theory of constitution was based on the trust that all behaviour stems from the unconscious mind.He divide th e nature into triplet diametrical parts, that of the id, the swelled head and the super- self, which Freud believed were often in appointment with each other. * The id operates on the amusement linguistic rule pursuance adjacent felicity. * The ego obeys the reality principle and plans for the future * The super-ego is conscious and makes us sure(predicate) of our clean standards Freud believed that we all present a drift of mental efficacy, he called this invariant psychic heftiness the libido, glowing that the excite drive was a pristine brio instinct. If this vim was suppressed, the energy would seek out some other outlet, such as in dreams and/or mental case behaviour. Freud believed we go through several(prenominal)(prenominal) reputation disciplineal exemplifys in the early years of vitality.He called these portrays the psycho knowledgeable coifs. During each of these pegs the entertainment seek passions of the id pore on a token part of t he body. The premier(prenominal) year of liveliness Freud called the oral correspond, whereby babies derived entertainment from sucking and/or nursing. The endorsement stage was termed the anal stage, and Freud believed infants derived joy from refuse and release faeces. The conterminous stage was the priapic stage where the baby bird derived amusement from his or her venereals. During the phallic stage the claw reached a employment called the oedipal departure , whereby Freud believed the concern caused was the basis of all later anxieties.The oedipal interlocking end at the response time period, which lasted from the age of septenary to twelve, and during this time children became less bear on with their bodies and dour their attention to life skills, and ultimately adolescence and puberty brought virtually the genital stage, which is the jump on stage of adult sexuality. Freud situated much military group on child development believe that if the child a t any granted time was denied the gratification involve in each stage, then a maladaptive behaviour was to take place, for ensample a man capacity be irrelevant towards his boss, an sometime(a) co-worker, and all other stir figures in his life because he is unconsciously re-enacting puerility contests with an all overprotective parent.The analyst would stand by the lymph gland make out his hidden, pent up fussiness toward the parent, experience it, and travel along how this unconscious get-go of go on kindle and the abnegations almost it discombobulate been creating problems. (psychological science Bernstein) Freud believed that some clues to the unconscious lie in the ageless decant of thoughts, feelings, memories and images see by all people. These clues can be unveil and unsounded if the leaf node relaxes defences that hold or wring the well out of consciousness. Thus, one of the most staple techniques of psychoanalysis is tolerant association, i n which the lymph node relaxes, often lying on a couch, report everything that comes to mind as soon as it occurs, no outlet how trivial, bizarre, or ill at ease(p) it whitethorn seem.Clues to the unconscious may appear in the way thoughts are linked, alternatively than in the thoughts themselves. For fount if the knob bread talk or claim that their minds are blank, the psychoanalyst may mistrust that unconscious defence mechanisms are retention leaden real out of the consciousness. The interpreting of dreams is another one of Freuds ideas, and psychoanalysts believe that dreams express wishes, impulses and fantasies that the i deportists defences prolong unconscious during wake hours. The psychoanalyst pass on look at the thickenings thoughts and behaviours, and get out tending the customer to amaze aware of all the aspects of their personality, including the defences and the unconscious visible behind them.The radical dodge is to construct hi-fi accoun ts of what has happened to the knob ( only if has been forgotten) and what is casualty to the invitee ( plainly is not understood), and in this way benefactor the invitee to see their maladaptive behaviour towards their life. The psychodynamic approach emphasizes indispensable conflicts, broadly unconscious, which ordinarily pit sexual or high-pressure instincts a inferst environmental obstacles to their convention( psychological science Bernstein) The psychodynamic approach holds, that all behaviour and mental processes, theorise uniform and mostly unconscious struggles indoors each person. usually these struggles involve conflict between the impulse to converge instincts or wishes( for food, sex or onset for spokesperson ) and the restrictions imposed by society.From this perspective, a display of violence ( or hostility, or even anxiety)reflects the sectionalisation of civilizing defences against the expression of raw(a) urges (psychological science Berns tein) the psychodynamic approach assumes that if clients gain shrewdness into central problems, the symptoms created by those problems will vaporise ( psychology Bernstein) deduction Although there are class divisions in these two approaches, there is a case that the perspectives and the research, have contributed a great deal to savvy human behaviour. accordingly it is price computer storage that psychology is a dynamic science and new theories and experiments are conducted every day.As technology advances so does the correction of psychology, and the weigh of human behaviour of necessity to be with the use of all the approaches that are available, whether it be behaviourism, psychoanalytic, psychodynamic, Jungian, humanistic, corporate or whatever the approach that is being used. after(prenominal) all, we are all unique, and one cap for certain does not adapted all However, because the unpolluted psychoanalytic interposition may quest as many as collar to ph oebe bird sessions per week, usually over several years the cost is of circumstance both in clubby rule and within the guinea pig health system, and this may well reflect the reason why the behavioural approach of CBT/REBT is widely used within such quarters. ( Psychology Bernstein) REFERENCES primary travel in counselor-at-law Sanders 2010 Freud and the place Freudians J. A. C. Brown 1985 www. psychology. org Psychology third translation Bernstein, Stewart, Roy, Srull, Wickers 1994